Overview
Non-alcoholic fatty liver describes fat gathering in liver cells for reasons other than alcohol. It usually causes nothing that would be noticed, and is often picked up by accident when an ultrasound done for something else entirely reports it.
It rarely stands alone. Insulin resistance, weight carried around the abdomen and disturbed cholesterol tend to travel with it, which is why an assessment looks at the whole metabolic pattern rather than at the liver by itself.
Symptoms people notice
- Vague heaviness in the upper right abdomen
- Fatigue that is difficult to account for
- Weight that is hard to shift despite effort
Causes and risk factors
- Insulin resistance, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes
- Weight carried around the abdomen
- Raised triglycerides or low HDL cholesterol
- A diet built on refined carbohydrates, sugary drinks and fried food
- Long sedentary hours and short or broken sleep
- Certain medicines, and less commonly thyroid or hormonal conditions
When to seek help
Do not wait on these
- Liver enzymes that stay raised on repeat testing
- A scan reporting moderate or severe fatty change
- Yellowing of the eyes or skin
- Swelling of the abdomen or ankles
- A new diagnosis of diabetes alongside abnormal liver tests
Lifestyle and daily guidance
- 1Target a slow, sustained reduction in weight rather than a short intensive diet
- 2Cut sugary drinks and fruit juices first — usually the easiest large change to make
- 3Shift the balance of meals towards vegetables, pulses, whole grains and protein
- 4Add some resistance work alongside walking, since muscle helps insulin sensitivity
- 5Treat sleep and blood sugar as part of liver care rather than separate matters
- 6Have liver tests and a metabolic check repeated as advised
Frequently asked questions
Fatty liver is the broader heading. This is the form that occurs without significant alcohol intake, and it is approached through weight, blood sugar and cholesterol rather than through alcohol.
It is seen in people of normal weight too, particularly where there is abdominal fat, insulin resistance, disturbed lipids or a family pattern. That is why the assessment looks well beyond the number on the scale.
Disclaimer: The information on this website is for general education only and is not a diagnosis, prescription or a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner about your individual health concern.